Close, but not quite there

I might be retreading what you already know, but the smartest AI I can currently access says the following:

Apple Notes deliberately doesn’t expose a public URL for individual notes, so every solution is a workaround.

The hidden URL scheme. There’s an undocumented but functional scheme: notes://showNote?identifier=UUID on macOS, or mobilenotes://showNote?identifier=UUID on iOS. The catch is getting that identifier. The AppleScript id property returns an x-coredata:// string, which is a local database ID — it’s different on each device and can change when the database rebuilds, which is likely why links keep dying. The more reliable way to grab the correct UUID is through a Shortcuts action (Find Notes → get the note’s identifier), since Shortcuts surfaces the sync-level UUID rather than the local Core Data one. A pasted notes://showNote?... URL in a Reminder’s notes field will open the note when clicked. Source: apple forumes

Shortcuts as an indirection layer. Instead of linking to the note directly, link to a shortcut that finds the note. One blogger’s approach: a URL like shortcuts://run-shortcut?name=NoteURL&input=1579467960, using the note’s creation timestamp as the identifier, since creation date never changes and is reasonably future-proof. Searching by title works too, as long as titles are stable. This is more robust than raw note URLs because the lookup happens fresh each time. Source: Artem Chistyakov

Hookmark. If you want this to just work without maintaining scripts, Hookmark is the purpose-built tool — it defines its own hook://notes/ scheme and runs a script to find and open the right note when clicked, papering over all the AppleScript bugs across macOS versions. Source: Hookmark: